finish-mds for full project #3
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# Architecture
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This page describes how `foreignthon-core` works internally.
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---
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## Pipeline
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```
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source.xx.py
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│
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▼
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_check_shebang() ← reads "# foreignthon: xx" if present
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│
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▼
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load_pack(lang_code) ← discovers + validates the JSON pack
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│
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▼
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_apply_postfix_syntax() ← rewrites "expr @@keyword:" lines
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│
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▼
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_swap_tokens() ← tokenizer pass: replaces NAME tokens
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│
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▼
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standard Python string ← ready to compile or write to disk
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```
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---
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## Module overview
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| Module | Responsibility |
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|---|---|
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| `transpiler.py` | The engine — postfix rewriter and tokenizer pass |
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| `pack.py` | Pack discovery, loading, and validation |
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| `cli.py` | Click commands (`fpy run`, `fpy compile`, etc.) |
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| `errors.py` | Bilingual exception hook |
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| `template.json` | Canonical set of all keywords/builtins a pack must cover |
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---
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## Tokenizer-based translation
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ForeignThon uses Python's standard `tokenize` module rather than regex or AST manipulation.
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`tokenize.generate_tokens()` splits source code into typed tokens. ForeignThon only looks at `NAME` tokens — identifiers. It replaces any `NAME` token whose string appears as a key in the active pack mapping. All other token types (strings, comments, operators, numbers) pass through unchanged.
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This gives three important guarantees:
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1. **Strings are safe.** A keyword inside `"..."` or `f"..."` is a `STRING` token, never a `NAME` — it is never touched.
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2. **Comments are safe.** Comment tokens are passed through verbatim.
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3. **Variable names are safe.** A variable like `si_condition` contains `si` only as a substring; as a `NAME` token it is `si_condition`, which is not in the mapping.
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The whitespace between tokens is preserved by tracking `(row, col)` positions and copying the gaps from the original source.
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---
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## Pack discovery
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Language packs register themselves using Python [entry points](https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/specifications/entry-points/):
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```toml
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# in foreignthon-es/pyproject.toml
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[project.entry-points."foreignthon.langs"]
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es = "foreignthon_es"
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```
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`pack.py` calls `importlib.metadata.entry_points(group="foreignthon.langs")` at runtime to discover all installed packs. Installing a pack is sufficient — no configuration file needs to be edited.
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Each pack module must expose:
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```python
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def get_pack_path() -> Path:
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return files(__name__) / "xx.json"
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```
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The core calls `get_pack_path()` to locate the JSON, loads it, and validates that all required sections are present.
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Results are cached with `@lru_cache` so each pack is loaded at most once per process.
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---
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## Pack mapping
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Four sections of the JSON are merged into a single flat dict for translation:
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```python
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mapping = {}
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mapping.update(pack["keywords"])
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mapping.update(pack["builtins"])
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mapping.update(pack["exceptions"])
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mapping.update(pack["stdlib"])
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```
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The merged mapping is `{ foreign_word: english_word }`. It is passed directly to `_swap_tokens()`.
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If two sections define the same foreign key, later sections win (stdlib last). In practice this does not occur because pack authors ensure uniqueness.
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---
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## Postfix syntax (`@@`)
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The `@@` operator is a source-level pre-processing step that runs **before** tokenization.
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A line like:
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```
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x > 0 @@si:
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escribir(x)
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```
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is rewritten to:
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```
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si x > 0:
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escribir(x)
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```
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The rewriter uses a regex that matches `(.+?)@@(<keyword>)` and moves the keyword to the front. It only operates on lines that contain `@@`, preserving indentation and line endings.
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`@@` is never valid Python and never appears in the tokenizer output.
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**Decompile direction:** `fpy decompile --postfix` does the reverse — it looks for lines of the form `foreign_kw expr:` where `foreign_kw` is in the pack's `postfix_keywords` list, and rewrites them to `expr @@foreign_kw:`.
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---
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## Bilingual error hook
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`errors.py` installs a custom `sys.excepthook` before running user code:
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1. On exception, it looks up the exception type name in the pack's `exceptions` section (reverse map: English → foreign).
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2. It looks up a translated message in `error_messages`.
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3. It prints `[XX] ForeignName: translated_msg` then `[EN] EnglishName: original_msg`.
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4. It always calls `traceback.print_exception()` afterwards so the full traceback is shown.
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Tracebacks point to the original `.xx.py` file. This is achieved by populating `linecache.cache` with the original source before `exec()`-ing the compiled code, so Python's traceback machinery reads the right lines.
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---
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## Custom pack override
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When `.foreignthon.toml` declares `custom_pack = "path/to/custom.json"`:
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- If the custom JSON has `meta.code` set, it is treated as a **standalone pack** and used directly.
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- If `meta.code` is absent, it is treated as an **override** — it is merged on top of the installed pack, replacing only the keys it defines.
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The CLI (`cli.py`) handles this in `_load_effective_pack()` by walking up the directory tree to find `.foreignthon.toml`.
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---
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## File naming and language detection
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Language detection order (highest priority first):
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1. `--lang` CLI flag
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2. Shebang comment `# foreignthon: xx` on the first line
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3. Double extension `.xx.py` → `xx`
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4. Fallback to `"en"` (no-op — English is Python)
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`_detect_lang()` and `_check_shebang()` in `transpiler.py` implement steps 3 and 2 respectively. Step 1 is handled by the `run` command in `cli.py`.
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@@ -1 +1,136 @@
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# Releasing
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This page covers how to release `foreignthon-core` and how language pack maintainers should respond to a new core release.
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---
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## Core release (`foreignthon`)
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### 1. Update the version
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Version is set in `pyproject.toml`:
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```toml
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[project]
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name = "foreignthon"
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version = "0.5.4" # bump this
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```
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ForeignThon follows [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/):
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| Change | Version bump |
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|---|---|
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| Bug fix, no API change | Patch (`0.5.3` → `0.5.4`) |
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| New feature, backward compatible | Minor (`0.5.x` → `0.6.0`) |
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| Breaking change (removes a key, changes CLI contract) | Major (`0.x.y` → `1.0.0`) |
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### 2. Update `template.json` if needed
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If the release adds new keywords, builtins, or sections, update `template.json` to include them. This is the canonical list all language packs are expected to cover. Document what changed in your commit message and PR so pack maintainers know what to add.
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### 3. Run CI locally
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```bash
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pytest
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ruff check src/
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ruff format --check src/
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```
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All must pass.
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### 4. Tag and push
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The Gitea CI publishes to PyPI on any tag matching `v*`:
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```bash
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git tag v0.5.4
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git push origin v0.5.4
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```
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The `publish.yml` workflow builds the wheel and uploads it using the `PYPI_TOKEN` secret configured in Gitea.
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### 5. Verify
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```bash
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pip install --upgrade foreignthon
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fpy --version
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```
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---
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## Language pack release (`foreignthon-xx`)
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Each language pack is independently versioned and released.
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### Responding to a core release
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When `foreignthon-core` adds new entries to `template.json`:
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1. Add the new keys to your `xx.json` with translations.
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2. Run `fpy pack src/foreignthon_xx/xx.json` to validate.
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3. Run `pytest tests/` to confirm all checks pass.
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4. Bump your pack's version in `pyproject.toml`.
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5. Tag and push — the `publish.yml` workflow handles PyPI upload.
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Update the `foreignthon` dependency lower bound in `pyproject.toml` if your pack requires the new core version:
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```toml
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dependencies = ["foreignthon>=0.5.4"]
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```
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### Releasing independently
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You can release a pack at any time — to fix a translation, add missing entries, or extend coverage. The process is the same:
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```bash
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# bump version in pyproject.toml
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git add pyproject.toml src/foreignthon_xx/xx.json
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git commit -m "v0.3.3: fix translation for 'return'"
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git tag v0.3.3
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git push origin v0.3.3
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```
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---
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## Docs release (`foreignthon-docs`)
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The docs site rebuilds automatically when a language pack fires its `trigger-docs.yml` workflow after a successful publish. No manual step is needed for routine pack releases.
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To manually trigger a docs rebuild (e.g. after editing `foreignthon-docs` directly):
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```bash
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git push origin main
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```
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The `deploy.yml` workflow builds the MkDocs site and deploys it to [foreignthon.keshavanand.net](https://foreignthon.keshavanand.net).
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---
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## Gitea secrets
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| Secret | Used by |
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|---|---|
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| `PYPI_TOKEN` | `publish.yml` in core and all packs |
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| `DOCS_WEBHOOK` | `trigger-docs.yml` in language packs |
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Secrets are set per-repository in **Gitea → Settings → Actions → Secrets**.
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---
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## Checklist
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### Core
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- [ ] Version bumped in `pyproject.toml`
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- [ ] `template.json` updated if new keys added
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- [ ] `pytest` passes
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- [ ] `ruff check` passes
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- [ ] Tagged `v*` and pushed
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- [ ] PyPI upload confirmed
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### Language pack
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- [ ] New `template.json` entries translated in `xx.json`
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- [ ] `fpy pack xx.json` passes
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- [ ] `pytest tests/` passes
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- [ ] Version bumped
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- [ ] `foreignthon` dependency lower bound updated if required
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- [ ] Tagged and pushed
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user