252 lines
8.5 KiB
TeX
252 lines
8.5 KiB
TeX
\documentclass[letterpaper]{article}
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\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
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\usepackage{geometry}
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\geometry{margin = 1in}
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\usepackage{setspace}
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\usepackage{chemfig}
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\usepackage[style = chem-acs]{biblatex}
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\addbibresource{references.bib}
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\usepackage{graphicx}
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\usepackage{float}
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\newfloat{scheme}{htbp}{los}
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\floatname{scheme}{Scheme}
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\floatname{chart}{Chart}
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\newfloat{graph}{htbp}{loh}
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\usepackage{chemformula} % Formulas using \ch{}
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% or
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\usepackage[version = 4]{mhchem} % Formulas using \ce{}
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\setcounter{secnumdepth}{-1}
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\newcommand*\mycommand[1]{\texttt{\emph{#1}}}
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\usepackage{authblk}
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\author[1]{Shivam Tripathi}
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\author[1]{Keshav Anand}
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\affil[1]{Plano East Senior High School, Plano, TX, United States}
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\title{Acid-Catalyzed Tandem Hydrolysis--Esterification of Acetylsalicylic Acid
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from Commerical Asprin Tablets to Form Methyl Salicylate}
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% Use the \date command for email address(s) of corresponding authors
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\begin{document}
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\maketitle
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\begin{abstract}
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Methyl salicylate was synthesized from commercial aspirin tablets via an acid-catalyzed
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tandem hydrolysis–esterification sequence. Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) was extracted
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from the tablet matrix into methanol and reacted under reflux with a catalytic
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volume of \ce{H2SO4}. This one-pot method facilitates simultaneous deacetylation
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and Fischer esterification, bypassing the isolation of a salicylic acid intermediate.
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The resulting methyl salicylate was isolated via aqueous quenching and
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liquid--liquid extraction. Crude product purification was achieved through
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neutralization with saturated \ce{NaHCO3} and drying over anhydrous \ce{MgSO4}.
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This synthesis demonstrates an efficient, high-yield conversion of a common
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pharmaceutical precursor into a high-value fragrance ester, highlighting
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fundamental principles of equilibrium-driven organic transformations and
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multistep one-pot synthesis.
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\end{abstract}
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\section{Introduction}
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Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), \ch{C9H8O4}, is a synthetic organic derivative of salicylic acid
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and is commonly known as aspirin~\cite{Fijakowski2022}.\\
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\begin{figure}[ht]
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\centering
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\vspace{1em} % Adds space above the molecule
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\chemfig{*6(-=-(-O-[:-30](=[:-90]O)-[:+30]CH_3)=([:60]-[:90](=[:150]O)-[:30]OH)-=)}
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\vspace{1em} % Adds space below the molecule
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\caption{Chemical structure of ASA}
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\label{fig:asa-structure}
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\end{figure}
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Commercial aspirin is commonly synthesized from salicylic acid through Eq~\ref{eq:aspirin-syn},
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and the two molecules differ by an ester group (\ch{-OCOCH3})~\cite{Sneader2000}.
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\begin{equation}
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\ce{C7H6O3 + C4H6O3 ->[H2SO4] C9H8O4 + CH3COOH}
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\label{eq:aspirin-syn}
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\end{equation} \\
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Another common derivative product of salicylic acid is methyl salicylate, \ch{C8H8O3}, commonly referred to
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as wintergreen oil. Methyl salicylate is commonly used in edibles (e.g. gum, mints), perfumes, and pain-relief
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ointments (e.g. Icy Hot, BenGay)~\cite{Guo2022}. Methyl salicylate also differs with salicylic acid by a single ester group and
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has simply been esterified differently than ASA.\\
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\begin{figure}[ht]
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\centering
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\vspace{1em} % Adds space above the molecule
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\chemfig{*6(-=-(-OH)=([:60]-[:90](=[:150]O)-[:30]O-[:+90]CH_3)-=)}
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\vspace{1em} % Adds space below the molecule
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\caption{Chemical structure of methyl salicylate}
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\label{fig:methyl-salicylate}
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\end{figure}
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Due to the similarity between the two molecules, ASA can be reacted to synthesize methyl salicylate~\cite{Hartel2009}.
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The purpose of this experiment was to convert acetylsalicylic acid obtained from
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commercial aspirin tablets into methyl salicylate through acid-catalyzed esterification
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in methanol under reflux conditions.
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\section{Results and discussion}
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\subsection{Outline}
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The document layout should follow the style of the journal concerned. Where
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appropriate, sections and subsections should be added in the normal way.
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\subsection{References}
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References should be given in the normal way in \LaTeX{}. If you are using
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\textsf{biblatex} (as recommended) then you can use the full range of citation
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commands it provides. If you choose to use classical Bib\TeX{}, the
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\textsf{natbib} package will be loaded and you can use it's commands.
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\subsection{Floats}
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New float types are set up in the preamble. The means graphics are included as
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follows (Scheme~\ref{sch:example}). As illustrated, the float is ``here'' if
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possible.
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\begin{scheme}
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\centering
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Your scheme graphic would go here: PDF graphics are recommended.
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%\includegraphics{graphic}
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\caption{An example scheme}
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\label{sch:example}
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\end{scheme}
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The use of the different floating environments is not required, but it is
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intended to make document preparation easier for authors. In general, you
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should place your graphics where they make logical sense; the production
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process will move them if needed.
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\subsection{Math}
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If packages such as \textsf{amsmath} are required, they should be loaded in the
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preamble. However, the basic \LaTeX\ math(s) input should work correctly
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without this. Some inline material $1 + 1 = 2$ followed by some display. \[ A =
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\pi r^2 \]
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It is possible to label equations in the usual way (Eq.~\ref{eqn:example}).
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\begin{equation}
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\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x} \, r^2 = 2r \label{eqn:example}
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\end{equation}
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This can also be used to have equations containing graphical content. To align
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the equation number with the middle of the graphic, rather than the bottom, a
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minipage may be used.
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\begin{equation}
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\begin{minipage}[c]{0.80\linewidth}
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\centering
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As illustrated here, the width of \\
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the minipage needs to allow some \\
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space for the number to fit in to.
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%\includegraphics{graphic}
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\end{minipage}
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\label{eqn:graphic}
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\end{equation}
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\section{Experimental}
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The usual experimental details should appear here. This could include a table,
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which can be referenced as Table~\ref{tbl:example}. Notice that the caption is
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positioned at the top of the table.
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\begin{table}
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\caption{An example table}
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\label{tbl:example}
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\centering
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\begin{tabular}{ll}
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\hline
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Header one & Header two \\
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\hline
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Entry one & Entry two \\
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Entry three & Entry four \\
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Entry five & Entry five \\
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Entry seven & Entry eight \\
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\hline
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\end{tabular}
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\end{table}
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Adding notes to tables can be complicated. Perhaps the easiest method is to
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generate these using the basic \texttt{\textbackslash textsuperscript} and
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\texttt{\textbackslash emph} macros, as illustrated (Table~\ref{tbl:notes}).
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\begin{table}
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\caption{A table with notes}
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\label{tbl:notes}
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\centering
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\begin{tabular}{ll}
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\hline
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Header one & Header two \\
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\hline
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Entry one\textsuperscript{\emph{a}} & Entry two \\
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Entry three\textsuperscript{\emph{b}} & Entry four \\
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\hline
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\end{tabular}
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\textsuperscript{\emph{a}} Some text;
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\textsuperscript{\emph{b}} Some more text.
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\end{table}
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The example file also loads the optional \textsf{chemformula} and
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\textsf{mhchem} packages, so that formulas are easy to input:
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\texttt{\textbackslash ce\{H2SO4\}} gives \ce{H2SO4}. The two have similar
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syntax but authors may prefer one or the other.
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The use of new commands should be limited to simple things which will not
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interfere with the production process. For example, \texttt{\textbackslash
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mycommand} has been defined in this example, to give italic, mono-spaced text:
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\mycommand{some text}.
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\section*{Acknowledgements}
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Please use ``The authors thank \ldots'' rather than ``The authors would like to
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thank \ldots''.
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\section*{Supporting information}
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A listing of the contents of each file supplied as Supporting Information
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should be included. For instructions on what should be included in the
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Supporting Information as well as how to prepare this material for
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publications, refer to the journal's Instructions for Authors.
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The following files are available free of charge.
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Filename-1: brief description
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\item Filename-2: brief description
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\end{itemize}
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\printbibliography
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\newpage
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\rule{0.05in}{1.75in}%
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\begin{minipage}[b][1.75in]{3.25in}
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\sffamily
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\frenchspacing
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Some journals require a graphical entry for the Table of Contents. This
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should be laid out ``print ready'' so that the sizing of the text is correct.
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The space available depends on the journal: J. Am. Chem. Soc. allows 3.25 in
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by 1.75 in and requires sanserif text. Some journals want different sizes:
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you can easily adjust here.
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The two rules either side of the content are there to help judge the height
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of your material: they may be deleted once not required.
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\end{minipage}%
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\rule{0.05in}{1.75in}
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\end{document}
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