diff --git a/main.pdf b/main.pdf index 3034ae1..c223489 100644 Binary files a/main.pdf and b/main.pdf differ diff --git a/main.tex b/main.tex index fd849e2..32e6c50 100644 --- a/main.tex +++ b/main.tex @@ -1,243 +1,251 @@ -\documentclass[letterpaper]{article} - -\usepackage[T1]{fontenc} - - -\usepackage{geometry} -\geometry{margin = 1in} -\usepackage{setspace} - -\usepackage{chemfig} - -\usepackage[style = chem-acs]{biblatex} -\addbibresource{references.bib} - -\usepackage{graphicx} -\usepackage{float} -\newfloat{scheme}{htbp}{los} -\floatname{scheme}{Scheme} -\floatname{chart}{Chart} -\newfloat{graph}{htbp}{loh} - - -\usepackage{chemformula} % Formulas using \ch{} -% or -\usepackage[version = 4]{mhchem} % Formulas using \ce{} - - -\setcounter{secnumdepth}{-1} - -\newcommand*\mycommand[1]{\texttt{\emph{#1}}} - -\usepackage{authblk} -\author[1]{Shivam Tripathi} -\author[1]{Keshav Anand} -\affil[1]{Plano East Senior High School, Plano, TX, United States} - -\title{Acid-Catalyzed Tandem Hydrolysis--Esterification of Acetylsalicylic Acid -from Commerical Asprin Tablets to Form Methyl Salicylate} -% Use the \date command for email address(s) of corresponding authors - - -\begin{document} - -\maketitle - -\begin{abstract} - This is an example document for creating \LaTeX{} submissions to the American - Chemical Society (ACS) for publication. As ACS does not use \LaTeX{} for - typesetting accepted manuscripts, this template does not seek to - reproduce the appearance of a published paper. -\end{abstract} - - -\section{Introduction} - -Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), \ch{C9H8O4}, is a synthetic organic derivative of salicylic acid -and is commonly known as aspirin~\cite{Fijakowski2022}.\\ -\begin{figure}[ht] - \centering - \vspace{1em} % Adds space above the molecule - \chemfig{*6(-=-(-O-[:-30](=[:-90]O)-[:+30]CH_3)=([:60]-[:90](=[:150]O)-[:30]OH)-=)} - \vspace{1em} % Adds space below the molecule - \caption{Chemical structure of ASA} - \label{fig:asa-structure} -\end{figure} - -Commercial aspirin is commonly synthesized from salicylic acid through Eq~\ref{eq:aspirin-syn}, -and the two molecules differ by an ester group (\ch{-OCOCH3})~\cite{Sneader2000}. -\begin{equation} - \ce{C7H6O3 + C4H6O3 ->[H2SO4] C9H8O4 + CH3COOH} - \label{eq:aspirin-syn} -\end{equation} \\ -Another common derivative product of salicylic acid is methyl salicylate, \ch{C8H8O3}, commonly referred to -as wintergreen oil. Methyl salicylate is commonly used in edibles (e.g. gum, mints), perfumes, and pain-relief -ointments (e.g. Icy Hot, BenGay)~\cite{Guo2022}. Methyl salicylate also differs with salicylic acid by a single ester group and -has simply been esterified differently than ASA.\\ - -\begin{figure}[ht] - \centering - \vspace{1em} % Adds space above the molecule - \chemfig{*6(-=-(-OH)=([:60]-[:90](=[:150]O)-[:30]O-[:+90]CH_3)-=)} - \vspace{1em} % Adds space below the molecule - \caption{Chemical structure of methyl salicylate} - \label{fig:methyl-salicylate} -\end{figure} - -Due to the similarity between the two molecules, ASA can be reacted to synthesize methyl salicylate~\cite{Hartel2009}. -The purpose of this experiment was to convert acetylsalicylic acid obtained from -commercial aspirin tablets into methyl salicylate through acid-catalyzed esterification -in methanol under reflux conditions. - - -\section{Results and discussion} - -\subsection{Outline} - -The document layout should follow the style of the journal concerned. Where -appropriate, sections and subsections should be added in the normal way. - -\subsection{References} - -References should be given in the normal way in \LaTeX{}. If you are using -\textsf{biblatex} (as recommended) then you can use the full range of citation -commands it provides. If you choose to use classical Bib\TeX{}, the -\textsf{natbib} package will be loaded and you can use it's commands. - -\subsection{Floats} - -New float types are set up in the preamble. The means graphics are included as -follows (Scheme~\ref{sch:example}). As illustrated, the float is ``here'' if -possible. -\begin{scheme} - \centering - Your scheme graphic would go here: PDF graphics are recommended. - %\includegraphics{graphic} - \caption{An example scheme} - \label{sch:example} -\end{scheme} - - - -The use of the different floating environments is not required, but it is -intended to make document preparation easier for authors. In general, you -should place your graphics where they make logical sense; the production -process will move them if needed. - -\subsection{Math} - -If packages such as \textsf{amsmath} are required, they should be loaded in the -preamble. However, the basic \LaTeX\ math(s) input should work correctly -without this. Some inline material $1 + 1 = 2$ followed by some display. \[ A = -\pi r^2 \] - -It is possible to label equations in the usual way (Eq.~\ref{eqn:example}). -\begin{equation} - \frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x} \, r^2 = 2r \label{eqn:example} -\end{equation} -This can also be used to have equations containing graphical content. To align -the equation number with the middle of the graphic, rather than the bottom, a -minipage may be used. -\begin{equation} - \begin{minipage}[c]{0.80\linewidth} - \centering - As illustrated here, the width of \\ - the minipage needs to allow some \\ - space for the number to fit in to. - %\includegraphics{graphic} - \end{minipage} - \label{eqn:graphic} -\end{equation} - -\section{Experimental} - -The usual experimental details should appear here. This could include a table, -which can be referenced as Table~\ref{tbl:example}. Notice that the caption is -positioned at the top of the table. -\begin{table} - \caption{An example table} - \label{tbl:example} - \centering - \begin{tabular}{ll} - \hline - Header one & Header two \\ - \hline - Entry one & Entry two \\ - Entry three & Entry four \\ - Entry five & Entry five \\ - Entry seven & Entry eight \\ - \hline - \end{tabular} -\end{table} - -Adding notes to tables can be complicated. Perhaps the easiest method is to -generate these using the basic \texttt{\textbackslash textsuperscript} and -\texttt{\textbackslash emph} macros, as illustrated (Table~\ref{tbl:notes}). -\begin{table} - \caption{A table with notes} - \label{tbl:notes} - \centering - \begin{tabular}{ll} - \hline - Header one & Header two \\ - \hline - Entry one\textsuperscript{\emph{a}} & Entry two \\ - Entry three\textsuperscript{\emph{b}} & Entry four \\ - \hline - \end{tabular} - - \textsuperscript{\emph{a}} Some text; - \textsuperscript{\emph{b}} Some more text. -\end{table} - -The example file also loads the optional \textsf{chemformula} and -\textsf{mhchem} packages, so that formulas are easy to input: -\texttt{\textbackslash ce\{H2SO4\}} gives \ce{H2SO4}. The two have similar -syntax but authors may prefer one or the other. - -The use of new commands should be limited to simple things which will not -interfere with the production process. For example, \texttt{\textbackslash -mycommand} has been defined in this example, to give italic, mono-spaced text: -\mycommand{some text}. - -\section*{Acknowledgements} - -Please use ``The authors thank \ldots'' rather than ``The authors would like to -thank \ldots''. - -\section*{Supporting information} - -A listing of the contents of each file supplied as Supporting Information -should be included. For instructions on what should be included in the -Supporting Information as well as how to prepare this material for -publications, refer to the journal's Instructions for Authors. - -The following files are available free of charge. -\begin{itemize} - \item Filename-1: brief description - \item Filename-2: brief description -\end{itemize} - -\printbibliography - -\newpage - -\rule{0.05in}{1.75in}% -\begin{minipage}[b][1.75in]{3.25in} - \sffamily - \frenchspacing - - Some journals require a graphical entry for the Table of Contents. This - should be laid out ``print ready'' so that the sizing of the text is correct. - - The space available depends on the journal: J. Am. Chem. Soc. allows 3.25 in - by 1.75 in and requires sanserif text. Some journals want different sizes: - you can easily adjust here. - - The two rules either side of the content are there to help judge the height - of your material: they may be deleted once not required. - -\end{minipage}% -\rule{0.05in}{1.75in} - -\end{document} +\documentclass[letterpaper]{article} + +\usepackage[T1]{fontenc} + + +\usepackage{geometry} +\geometry{margin = 1in} +\usepackage{setspace} + +\usepackage{chemfig} + +\usepackage[style = chem-acs]{biblatex} +\addbibresource{references.bib} + +\usepackage{graphicx} +\usepackage{float} +\newfloat{scheme}{htbp}{los} +\floatname{scheme}{Scheme} +\floatname{chart}{Chart} +\newfloat{graph}{htbp}{loh} + + +\usepackage{chemformula} % Formulas using \ch{} +% or +\usepackage[version = 4]{mhchem} % Formulas using \ce{} + + +\setcounter{secnumdepth}{-1} + +\newcommand*\mycommand[1]{\texttt{\emph{#1}}} + +\usepackage{authblk} +\author[1]{Shivam Tripathi} +\author[1]{Keshav Anand} +\affil[1]{Plano East Senior High School, Plano, TX, United States} + +\title{Acid-Catalyzed Tandem Hydrolysis--Esterification of Acetylsalicylic Acid +from Commerical Asprin Tablets to Form Methyl Salicylate} +% Use the \date command for email address(s) of corresponding authors + + +\begin{document} + +\maketitle + +\begin{abstract} +Methyl salicylate was synthesized from commercial aspirin tablets via an acid-catalyzed + tandem hydrolysis–esterification sequence. Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) was extracted + from the tablet matrix into methanol and reacted under reflux with a catalytic + volume of \ce{H2SO4}. This one-pot method facilitates simultaneous deacetylation + and Fischer esterification, bypassing the isolation of a salicylic acid intermediate. + The resulting methyl salicylate was isolated via aqueous quenching and + liquid--liquid extraction. Crude product purification was achieved through + neutralization with saturated \ce{NaHCO3} and drying over anhydrous \ce{MgSO4}. + This synthesis demonstrates an efficient, high-yield conversion of a common + pharmaceutical precursor into a high-value fragrance ester, highlighting + fundamental principles of equilibrium-driven organic transformations and + multistep one-pot synthesis. +\end{abstract} + + +\section{Introduction} + +Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), \ch{C9H8O4}, is a synthetic organic derivative of salicylic acid +and is commonly known as aspirin~\cite{Fijakowski2022}.\\ +\begin{figure}[ht] + \centering + \vspace{1em} % Adds space above the molecule + \chemfig{*6(-=-(-O-[:-30](=[:-90]O)-[:+30]CH_3)=([:60]-[:90](=[:150]O)-[:30]OH)-=)} + \vspace{1em} % Adds space below the molecule + \caption{Chemical structure of ASA} + \label{fig:asa-structure} +\end{figure} + +Commercial aspirin is commonly synthesized from salicylic acid through Eq~\ref{eq:aspirin-syn}, +and the two molecules differ by an ester group (\ch{-OCOCH3})~\cite{Sneader2000}. +\begin{equation} + \ce{C7H6O3 + C4H6O3 ->[H2SO4] C9H8O4 + CH3COOH} + \label{eq:aspirin-syn} +\end{equation} \\ +Another common derivative product of salicylic acid is methyl salicylate, \ch{C8H8O3}, commonly referred to +as wintergreen oil. Methyl salicylate is commonly used in edibles (e.g. gum, mints), perfumes, and pain-relief +ointments (e.g. Icy Hot, BenGay)~\cite{Guo2022}. Methyl salicylate also differs with salicylic acid by a single ester group and +has simply been esterified differently than ASA.\\ + +\begin{figure}[ht] + \centering + \vspace{1em} % Adds space above the molecule + \chemfig{*6(-=-(-OH)=([:60]-[:90](=[:150]O)-[:30]O-[:+90]CH_3)-=)} + \vspace{1em} % Adds space below the molecule + \caption{Chemical structure of methyl salicylate} + \label{fig:methyl-salicylate} +\end{figure} + +Due to the similarity between the two molecules, ASA can be reacted to synthesize methyl salicylate~\cite{Hartel2009}. +The purpose of this experiment was to convert acetylsalicylic acid obtained from +commercial aspirin tablets into methyl salicylate through acid-catalyzed esterification +in methanol under reflux conditions. + + +\section{Results and discussion} + +\subsection{Outline} + +The document layout should follow the style of the journal concerned. Where +appropriate, sections and subsections should be added in the normal way. + +\subsection{References} + +References should be given in the normal way in \LaTeX{}. If you are using +\textsf{biblatex} (as recommended) then you can use the full range of citation +commands it provides. If you choose to use classical Bib\TeX{}, the +\textsf{natbib} package will be loaded and you can use it's commands. + +\subsection{Floats} + +New float types are set up in the preamble. The means graphics are included as +follows (Scheme~\ref{sch:example}). As illustrated, the float is ``here'' if +possible. +\begin{scheme} + \centering + Your scheme graphic would go here: PDF graphics are recommended. + %\includegraphics{graphic} + \caption{An example scheme} + \label{sch:example} +\end{scheme} + + + +The use of the different floating environments is not required, but it is +intended to make document preparation easier for authors. In general, you +should place your graphics where they make logical sense; the production +process will move them if needed. + +\subsection{Math} + +If packages such as \textsf{amsmath} are required, they should be loaded in the +preamble. However, the basic \LaTeX\ math(s) input should work correctly +without this. Some inline material $1 + 1 = 2$ followed by some display. \[ A = +\pi r^2 \] + +It is possible to label equations in the usual way (Eq.~\ref{eqn:example}). +\begin{equation} + \frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x} \, r^2 = 2r \label{eqn:example} +\end{equation} +This can also be used to have equations containing graphical content. To align +the equation number with the middle of the graphic, rather than the bottom, a +minipage may be used. +\begin{equation} + \begin{minipage}[c]{0.80\linewidth} + \centering + As illustrated here, the width of \\ + the minipage needs to allow some \\ + space for the number to fit in to. + %\includegraphics{graphic} + \end{minipage} + \label{eqn:graphic} +\end{equation} + +\section{Experimental} + +The usual experimental details should appear here. This could include a table, +which can be referenced as Table~\ref{tbl:example}. Notice that the caption is +positioned at the top of the table. +\begin{table} + \caption{An example table} + \label{tbl:example} + \centering + \begin{tabular}{ll} + \hline + Header one & Header two \\ + \hline + Entry one & Entry two \\ + Entry three & Entry four \\ + Entry five & Entry five \\ + Entry seven & Entry eight \\ + \hline + \end{tabular} +\end{table} + +Adding notes to tables can be complicated. Perhaps the easiest method is to +generate these using the basic \texttt{\textbackslash textsuperscript} and +\texttt{\textbackslash emph} macros, as illustrated (Table~\ref{tbl:notes}). +\begin{table} + \caption{A table with notes} + \label{tbl:notes} + \centering + \begin{tabular}{ll} + \hline + Header one & Header two \\ + \hline + Entry one\textsuperscript{\emph{a}} & Entry two \\ + Entry three\textsuperscript{\emph{b}} & Entry four \\ + \hline + \end{tabular} + + \textsuperscript{\emph{a}} Some text; + \textsuperscript{\emph{b}} Some more text. +\end{table} + +The example file also loads the optional \textsf{chemformula} and +\textsf{mhchem} packages, so that formulas are easy to input: +\texttt{\textbackslash ce\{H2SO4\}} gives \ce{H2SO4}. The two have similar +syntax but authors may prefer one or the other. + +The use of new commands should be limited to simple things which will not +interfere with the production process. For example, \texttt{\textbackslash +mycommand} has been defined in this example, to give italic, mono-spaced text: +\mycommand{some text}. + +\section*{Acknowledgements} + +Please use ``The authors thank \ldots'' rather than ``The authors would like to +thank \ldots''. + +\section*{Supporting information} + +A listing of the contents of each file supplied as Supporting Information +should be included. For instructions on what should be included in the +Supporting Information as well as how to prepare this material for +publications, refer to the journal's Instructions for Authors. + +The following files are available free of charge. +\begin{itemize} + \item Filename-1: brief description + \item Filename-2: brief description +\end{itemize} + +\printbibliography + +\newpage + +\rule{0.05in}{1.75in}% +\begin{minipage}[b][1.75in]{3.25in} + \sffamily + \frenchspacing + + Some journals require a graphical entry for the Table of Contents. This + should be laid out ``print ready'' so that the sizing of the text is correct. + + The space available depends on the journal: J. Am. Chem. Soc. allows 3.25 in + by 1.75 in and requires sanserif text. Some journals want different sizes: + you can easily adjust here. + + The two rules either side of the content are there to help judge the height + of your material: they may be deleted once not required. + +\end{minipage}% +\rule{0.05in}{1.75in} + +\end{document}