Finished procedures

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\titleformat{\section} % top-level section \titleformat{\section} % top-level section
{\Large\bfseries\scshape} % Large font, bold, small caps {\LARGE\bfseries\scshape} % Large font, bold, small caps
{\thesection} % shows 1, 2, 3, ... {\thesection} % shows 1, 2, 3, ...
{1em} % spacing between number and title {1em} % spacing between number and title
{} {}
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\textbf{Date:} 16 November 2025 \textbf{Date:} 16 November 2025
% ---------- MAIN DOCUMENT ---------- % ---------- MAIN DOCUMENT ----------
% Acknowledgment
\section*{Objectives} \section*{Objectives}
Use the \href{http://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/gravity-force-lab/latest/gravity-force-lab_en.html}{Gravitational force simulation} to determine the dependence of the gravitational force on the mass of the objects involved.\\ Use the \href{http://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/gravity-force-lab/latest/gravity-force-lab_en.html}{Gravitational force simulation} to determine the dependence of the gravitational force on the mass of the objects involved.\\
@@ -108,45 +108,80 @@ the relationship of proportionality proposed by Newton, and the collected data w
universal Gravitational constant, $G$. universal Gravitational constant, $G$.
\subsection*{Research Problem}
The research objective for this project is to verify the gravitational relationship between two objects and verify the
constant $G$. The primary problem of investigation is that theoretical mathematics often fails to adequately capture
a true relationship in the real world. Moreover, using physical objects and tools of measurements can result in
unwanted noisy data and is limited by the precision of measurement. Ergo, a simulation bridges this gap,
allowing for an accurate verification of NLUG.
\section*{Methodology}
\subsection*{Materials and Resources}
\section*{Materials} As this lab was performed within a simulation, all physical materials are limited to a computer with at least 400 MB of memory to render the simulation.
The following methods and apparatus were used to determine the coefficients of static and kinetic friction:\\ Within the simulation, the simulated materials include
\begin{itemize} \begin{itemize}
\item 119g Wooden block \item Adjustable Mass, $m_1$
\item Adjustable angle metal inclined plane with protractor \item Adjustable Mass, $m_2$
\item 10 Meter Scale
\item Automatic Force Scale to Measure Gravitational Attraction
\item Two simulated people holding $m_1$ and $m_2$ from colliding into each other due to gravitation
\end{itemize} \end{itemize}
\section*{Procedure} \subsection*{Experimental Setup}
\begin{enumerate}
\item Set the plane angle to $0^\circ$ and place the block at the far end, roughly 10 cm from the edge.
\item Slowly raise the plane and stop when the block starts to slide down.
\item Record the angle value in a data table under \textbf{static friction}.
\item Repeat steps 1--3 five times, then take the average of the angles. This average angle will be used to calculate static friction.
\item Repeat step 1.
\item Slowly raise the plane while tapping the edge to overcome the static friction. Stop when the block starts to slide down the ramp without slowing down.
\item Record the angle value in a data table under \textbf{kinetic friction}.
\item Repeat steps 5--7 five times, then take the average of the angles for kinetic friction.
\end{enumerate}
\section*{Experimental Setup}
\begin{figure}[h!] % h! = “here” placement \begin{figure}[h!] % h! = “here” placement
\centering \centering
\includegraphics[width=0.7\textwidth]{Sketch} % <-- your image file name \includegraphics[width=0.7\textwidth]{ExperimentalSetup} % <-- your image file name
\caption{Experimental setup for measuring static and kinetic friction using an inclined plane.} \caption{Experimental setup for the gravity simulation}
\label{fig:friction_setup} \label{fig:friction_setup}
\end{figure} \end{figure}
\newpage Note that in Figure \ref{fig:friction_setup}, all inputs (independent variables) are denoted in blue, whereas outputs (dependent variables) are denoted in red
\subsection*{Procedure}
\begin{enumerate}
\item Set the location of mass 1 to exactly 2 meters on the scale, and set mass 2 to exactly 6 meters on the scale, with a distance between of 4 meters
\item Set the mass of objects 1 and 2 to exactly 100 kg
\item Set the force values to scientific notation, and uncheck the option for masses of constant size
\item Leaving the mass of $m_2$ constant, change the mass of $m_1$ to be the values listed below, and record both the force on $m_1$ by $m_2$ and the force on $m_2$ by $m_1$
\subitem Mass values for $m_1$ (kg): 50, 100, 250, 500, 750, 1000
\item Reset the simulation as detailed by steps 1-3
\item Leaving the mass of $m_1$ constant, change the mass of $m_2$ to be the values listed below, and record both the force on $m_1$ by $m_2$ and the force on $m_2$ by $m_1$
\subitem Mass values for $m_2$ (kg): 50, 100, 250, 500, 750, 1000
\item Reset the simulation as detailed by steps 1-3
\item Change the masses of both $m_1$ and $m_2$ to be the values listed below, and record both the force on $m_1$ by $m_2$ and the force on $m_2$ by $m_1$
\subitem Mass values for $m_1$ and $m_2$ (kg): 50, 100, 250, 500, 750, 1000
\item Reset the simulation as detailed by steps 1-3
\item Leave $m_2$ at 10 meters on the scale (align the black dot for center of mass), and move $m_1$ based on its center to the below values on the scale, and record both the force on $m_1$ by $m_2$ and the force on $m_2$ by $m_1$
\subitem Position values for $m_1$ (m): 0, 2, 4, 6, 8
\item Reset the simulation as detailed by steps 1-3
\item Leave $m_1$ at 0 meters on the scale (align the black dot for center of mass), and move $m_2$ based on its center to the below values on the scale, and record both the force on $m_1$ by $m_2$ and the force on $m_2$ by $m_1$
\subitem Position values for $m_1$ (m): 10, 8, 6, 4, 2
\end{enumerate}
Note that the above steps require the following raw data the be collected at each datapoint
\begin{itemize}
\item Position of the center of mass of $m_1$, (m)
\item Position of the center of mass of $m_2$, (m)
\item Mass of $m_1$, (kg)
\item Mass of $m_2$, (kg)
\item Force on $m_1$ by $m_2$, (N)
\item Force on $m_2$ by $m_1$, (N)
\end{itemize}
\section*{Results} \section*{Results}
\subsection*{Raw Data}
\begin{table}[h!] \begin{table}[h!]
\centering \centering
\caption{Measured critical angles for static and kinetic friction.} \caption{Measured critical angles for static and kinetic friction.}